Where are animes typically made and who creates them? Are they all produced in Japan?

 Anime typically made at Anime studios in Japan.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Japanese_animation_studios

Anime is made by team of animators, scriptwriters and staff related, voice actors and singers also have big contributions for make anime characters looks alive. usually you can see their names at ending credits of Anime.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Japanese_animatorshttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Anime_screenwriters

Since popular definition of Anime is animations made in Japan, so yes they are mostly made in Japan. But some Anime may partly made at another countries and sometimes they also hired foreign animators from China, Korea and another countries as well.